Compare Vanuatu (2004) - Sierra Leone (2005)

Compare Vanuatu (2004) z Sierra Leone (2005)

	Vanuatu (2004)	Sierra Leone (2005)

Administrative divisions	6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba	3 provinces and 1 area; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: 34.1% (male 35,281; female 33,785) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 64,669; female 61,829) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 3,740; female 3,305) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 44.7% (male 1,318,508/female 1,371,164) 15-64 years: 52% (male 1,494,068/female 1,637,276) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 93,047/female 103,580) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	copra, coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, coconuts, fruits, vegetables; fish, beef	rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	30 (2003 est.)	10 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1524 to 2437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 27 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)	total: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 12,200 sq km land: 12,200 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited	total: 71,740 sq km land: 71,620 sq km water: 120 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Connecticut	slightly smaller than South Carolina
Background	The British and French, who settled the New Hebrides in the 19th century, agreed in 1906 to an Anglo-French Condominium, which administered the islands until independence in 1980.	The 1991 to 2002 civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population), many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. With the support of the UN peacekeeping force and contributions from the World Bank and international community, demobilization and disarmament of the RUF and Civil Defense Forces (CDF) combatants has been completed. National elections were held in May 2002 and the government continues to slowly reestablish its authority. However, the gradual withdrawal of most UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) peacekeepers in 2004 and early 2005, deteriorating political and economic conditions in Guinea, and the tenuous security situation in neighboring Liberia may present challenges to the continuation of Sierra Leone's stability.
Birth rate	23.67 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	42.84 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $94.4 million expenditures: $99.8 million, including capital expenditures of $30.4 million (1996 est.)	revenues: $96 million expenditures: $351 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Port-Vila (Efate)	Freetown
Climate	tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April	tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Coastline	2,528 km	402 km
Constitution	30 July 1980	1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu conventional short form: Vanuatu former: New Hebrides	conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone
Currency	vatu (VUV)	-
Death rate	8.02 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	20.61 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$65.8 million (2001 est.)	$1.5 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu	chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas N. HULL embassy: Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [232] (22) 226481 through 226485 FAX: [232] (22) 225471
Diplomatic representation in the US	Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN	chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahim M. KAMARA chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263 FAX: [1] (202) 483-1793
Disputes - international	Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by Vanuatu and France	domestic fighting among disparate rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone perpetuate insurgencies, street violence, looting, arms trafficking, ethnic conflicts, and refugees in border areas; UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) has maintained over 4,000 peacekeepers in Sierra Leone since 1999; Sierra Leone pressures Guinea to remove its forces from the town of Yenga occupied since 1998
Economic aid - recipient	$45.8 million (1995)	$103 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview	This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for 65% of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with about 50,000 visitors in 1997, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. A severe earthquake in November 1999 followed by a tsunami, caused extensive damage to the northern island of Pentecote and left thousands homeless. Another powerful earthquake in January 2002 caused extensive damage in the capital, Port-Vila, and surrounding areas, and also was followed by a tsunami. GDP growth rose less than 3% on average in the 1990s. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002 the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid. Growth expanded moderately in 2003.	Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. While it possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, its economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Plans to reopen bauxite and rutile mines shut down during an 11 year civil war have not been implemented due to lack of foreign investment. Alluvial diamond mining remains the major source of hard currency earnings. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and supplement government revenues. International financial institutions contributed over $600 million in development aid and budgetary support in 2003.
Electricity - consumption	40.42 million kWh (2001)	237.4 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	43.46 million kWh (2001)	255.3 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m
Environment - current issues	a majority of the population does not have access to a potable and reliable supply of water; deforestation	rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups	indigenous Melanesian 98%, French, Vietnamese, Chinese, other Pacific Islanders	20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Exchange rates	vatu per US dollar - 122.189 (2003), 139.198 (2002), 145.312 (2001), 137.643 (2000), 129.075 (1999)	leones per US dollar - 2,701.3 (2004), 2,347.9 (2003), 2,099 (2002), 1,986.2 (2001), 2,092.1 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004); Prime Minister Serge VOHOR ousted in no-confidence vote on 11 December 2004 cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008) election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004	chief of state: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007); note - president's tenure of office is limited to two five-year terms election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH reelected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 70.6%, Ernest KOROMA (APC) 22.4%
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee	diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish (1999)
Exports - partners	India 32.8%, Thailand 25.5%, Indonesia 9.6%, Japan 7.6%, Australia 4%, Poland 4% (2003)	Belgium 61.6%, Germany 11.8%, US 5.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow	three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue
GDP	purchasing power parity - $563 million (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 26% industry: 12% services: 62% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 49% industry: 30% services: 21% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,900 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2002 est.)	6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	16 00 S, 167 00 E	8 30 N, 11 30 W
Geography - note	a Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes	rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa
Heliports	-	2 (2004 est.)
Highways	total: 1,070 km paved: 256 km unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)	total: 11,300 km paved: 904 km unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, fuels	foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals (1995)
Imports - partners	Australia 15.3%, Japan 10.6%, Singapore 7.4%, New Zealand 6%, Fiji 5.1% (2003)	Germany 14%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.7%, UK 9.1%, US 8.4%, China 5.6%, Netherlands 5%, South Africa 4.1% (2004)
Independence	30 July 1980 (from France and UK)	27 April 1961 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	1% (1997 est.)	NA
Industries	food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning	diamonds mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair
Infant mortality rate	total: 56.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 59.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 143.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 161.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 125.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2002 est.)	1% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO (observer)	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA sq km	290 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)	Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Labor force	NA	1.369 million (1981 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (2000 est.)	agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Land use	arable land: 2.46% permanent crops: 7.38% other: 90.16% (2001)	arable land: 6.98% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.13% (2001)
Languages	three official languages: English, French, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama), plus more than 100 local languages	English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Legal system	unified system being created from former dual French and British systems	based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 6 July 2004 (next to be held 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP 8, VP 8, NUP 10, VRP 4, MPP 3, VGP 3, other and independent 16; note - political party associations are fluid note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language	unicameral Parliament (124 seats - 112 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held May 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 70.06%, APC 22.35%, PLP 3%, others 4.59%; seats by party - SLPP 83, APC 27, PLP 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 62.1 years male: 60.64 years female: 63.63 years (2004 est.)	total population: 39.87 years male: 37.74 years female: 42.06 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 53% male: 57% female: 48% (1979 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic total population: 29.6% male: 39.8% female: 20.5% (2000 est.)
Location	Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia	Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Map references	Oceania	Africa
Maritime claims	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 51 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,192,474 GRT/1,560,828 DWT by type: bulk 28, cargo 2, combination bulk 3, container 2, liquefied gas 2, multi-functional large load carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 2, vehicle carrier 5 foreign-owned: Australia 2, Canada 1, Estonia 1, Germany 1, Japan 25, Monaco 4, New Zealand 2, Panama 1, Poland 7, Switzerland 3, United Kingdom 5, United States 2 registered in other countries: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,435 GRT/8,750 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 2 (2005)
Military branches	no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF; including the paramilitary Mobile Force or VMF)	Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Air Wing, Maritime Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	NA	$13.2 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	1.7% (2004)
National holiday	Independence Day, 30 July (1980)	Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Nationality	noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) adjective: Ni-Vanuatu	noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean
Natural hazards	tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis	dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Natural resources	manganese, hardwood forests, fish	diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Jon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [NA]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]; Greens (Vanuatu) [Moana CARCASSES]	All People's Congress or APC [Ben KANU]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sama BANYA]; numerous others
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	trade unions and student unions
Population	202,609 (July 2004 est.)	6,017,643 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	68% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate	1.57% (2004 est.)	2.22% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo)	Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2002)	AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)
Religions	Presbyterian 36.7%, Anglican 15%, Roman Catholic 15%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.2%, Church of Christ 3.8%, other 15.7% (including Jon Frum Cargo cult)	Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema international: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	6,500 (2003)	24,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	7,800 (2003)	67,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2002)	2 (1999)
Terrain	mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains	coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Total fertility rate	2.87 children born/woman (2004 est.)	5.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA	NA
Waterways	-	800 km (2003)

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